The Story of Alaska Airlines Flight 261

Alaska Airlines Flight 261 was a scheduled flight from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, to Seattle, Washington, with an intermediate stop in San Francisco. On January 31, 2000, tragedy struck when the McDonnell Douglas MD-83 aircraft operating this flight suffered a catastrophic in-flight break-up and crashed into the Pacific Ocean near Anacapa Island, California.

The Flight and Its Crew

The aircraft, registered as N963AS, was captained by Ted Thompson and First Officer William Tansky. Both pilots had thousands of hours of flight experience. They were supported by three flight attendants, all experienced in their roles. There were 83 passengers on board, including four infants.

The flight operated without incident until it was over the California coast nearing Los Angeles. At this juncture, the crew reported problems with the plane’s horizontal stabilizer.

Mechanical Failures

The horizontal stabilizer, a crucial component for maintaining the aircraft’s pitch, had malfunctioned. The pilots attempted to troubleshoot the issue but struggled to regain control of the aircraft, which began to pitch uncontrollably. The stabilizer trim system, which helps to adjust the pitch of the aircraft, was found to be the root cause.

The Final Minutes

At 4:10 PM, the flight crew declared an emergency and began preparations for an emergency landing at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Despite their efforts, the pilots were unable to stabilize the aircraft. During the descent, the plane experienced an inverted plunge from which it could not recover. At 4:20 PM, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 impacted the ocean, disintegrating on contact.

Investigation

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) immediately launched a comprehensive investigation. The wreckage, scattered over the seafloor, was recovered for examination. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) provided crucial clues.

The investigation uncovered significant issues with the jackscrew assembly of the horizontal stabilizer. The threads of the acme nut, through which the jackscrew turned, were found nearly worn away. This wear had been improperly identified and inadequately lubricated during maintenance.

Probable Cause

The NTSB concluded that the probable cause of the accident was a loss of airplane pitch control due to the failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly. Contributing factors included insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly and the airline’s failure to adequately adhere to the maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer.

Consequences and Changes

• As a direct result of this accident, Alaska Airlines revised its maintenance practices, placing a stronger emphasis on the lubrication and inspection of the jackscrew assembly.
• The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) introduced more stringent regulations and oversight surrounding aircraft maintenance practices.
• The crash prompted changes within the aviation industry regarding the importance of adhering to manufacturer maintenance protocols.

Memorials and Reactions

The loss of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 deeply affected the families of those aboard as well as the broader community. Memorial services were held, and a permanent memorial was established at Port Hueneme, California, to honor the victims. The aviation industry took a reflective stance, reassessing practices and policies to prevent similar tragedies.

The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 disaster remains etched in aviation history as a poignant reminder of the critical importance of diligent maintenance and stringent safety protocols. The lessons learned from this tragic event continue to influence aviation safety standards today.